The identification of Gao Guyu can be said to be a hundred schools of thought and a hundred flowers.
For the identification of high ancient jade articles throughout the country, because of the different land points of jade, its characteristics are different, so the identification methods are different. Therefore, in the identification, we must comprehensively consider the various characteristics of the ancient jade, and must not be killed because of a certain object that I have not seen before, or if the national collection is not. We should consider the following factors:
1. What is the texture of jade? It determines the degree of calcification, ochre, and cracks in jade; it also determines the geographical characteristics of jade in each era.
2, dry pit or wet pit? It determines the size of the jade, gray, patina, and corrosion.
3. Local soil characteristics and pH? It not only affects the calcification and ochre of jade, but also affects the patina and appearance of jade.
4. What is the environment in the pit where the jade is located? The calcification and ochre of jade are mainly determined by the environment in which it is located.
5. Is it a royal craft and a local craft? Or is the owner's status high or low?
6. Is it a burial device and a viewer?
5, 6 two points to determine the size of the jade and the processing technology, the degree of fineness and the number of jade.
Of course, there are many factors that determine the characteristics of jade. This requires us to have a scientific, comprehensive, correct, and rigorous attitude to treat every piece of ancient jade, and we must not rush to find out, otherwise we will miss a lot of precious things. This is in the history of jade identification, including many experts, there are many examples.
The following are some of my experiences and experiences in the process of playing jade. They only represent personal opinions and provide them for reference. Please correct me.
1, broken old and new: the calcification and ochre transition of the utensils should be natural, and deep into the texture, the color change is rich and colorful. (Short-term falsification, absolutely not the case, the ochre will only be attached to the surface shallowly or along the jade crack into the gap, the color is single and unchanged.) As long as the jade before the Song Dynasty, almost all calcification will occur. Phenomenon (except for the position where the jade is placed).
2, look at the pulp: in addition to being corroded, the ancient jade will have a pulp, the surface of the jade emits a very soft luster. The most important thing is that the perforation in the punching and completion should be consistent with the outer patina. And seamlessly integrated. Some will also have localized oxidized protrusions at the same time.
3, smell odor: unearthed jade, put it on your mouth and gently exhale or soak it in warm water for a while, put it on the nose and smell it, you will smell a thick earthy fragrance, and this smell every experiment, The jade of the pit will exist. On the contrary, there will be a pungent sour taste or a skunk odor.
4. When playing, the place with calcification will slowly change back to the nature of jade. According to the weight of calcification, the time is long and short; the color of the soil in the jade will gradually become lighter, but it will not completely disappear; the jade of white matter There will be a very reddish-brown color; during the playing, the ochre that is invisible on the surface will gradually appear (such as black ochre). After a complete change, the jade will become transparent and moist.
5, put the jade into the warm water of about 80 °C, calcified, will continue to emerge from the cracks of small bubbles. (Because calcification changes the internal molecular structure, the loosening will absorb water.) This phenomenon does not occur without calcification.
6. Put it in water or dip it with water. If you knead it with water, you will feel a sticky feeling. And every time, it will be so until the game is transparent. Soaked in water, the jade table will precipitate a layer of sticky material, the so-called pulping.
7, the utensils in the play, there will be a layer of gray skin after seeing sweat or water. (Gluing phenomenon) depends on the degree of dryness and wetness of the pit environment, pH, and material in the pit.
8, with PH test paper test, the basic will be neutral, rarely weak alkaline. (depending on the local soil pH)
9. Jade has natural cracks. This is because jade is in the ground for a long time and is affected by geothermal heat and ground moisture. That is what we often say "the ten jade and nine cracks." This is also an obvious characteristic of unearthed jade.
10, unearthed jade has a yin and yang surface, because of the influence of ground moisture, ground temperature, minerals, etc., the change of the sun surface is smaller than the change of the shade, that is, calcification, ochre, corrosion and so on.
11, look at the reflection, because the ancient jade is hand-made, due to uneven force, the processing surface will have a lot of small surface composition, will be uneven, so when looking at the light, there will be different reflections.
12, look at the knife: knife and stationery must meet the characteristics of the times. The ancient jade processing technology is made of cooking utensils. Due to uneven force, the scar will appear coarse in the middle, thin at both ends, deep in the middle, shallow at both ends, and different depths of the gully, and the edges of the culvert rarely appear. Crashing phenomenon. When the twist line is turned, there will be a broom shape (or feather shape). This is because the cookware cannot be continuous when it is bent. It needs to be connected one by one, so this phenomenon occurs. Some jade objects cannot see this. Phenomenon, that is due to the repeated grinding after the initial processing of the scorpion.
At each of the above points, one cannot be isolated as a standard for identification. It must have more than five points at the same time to be judged as high ancient jade.
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