What is amber?
Amber is a precious gem containing thousands of years of essence. Known as the symbol of gold and the sun in the north, it is a traditional gem since ancient times. She is the resin of the Tertiary Coniferous plant in the geological period. It is buried in the underground and petrified by geological functions, so it is called resin fossil or rosin fossil.
Amber in nature is often produced in coal seams and coastal sand mines. In the genesis, they belong to biochemical sedimentary deposits or coastal sand deposits.
The main components of amber are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and a small amount of sulfur.
Hardness 2-3 degrees. The specific gravity is 1.05-1.1. The melting point is 150-180 degrees Celsius. The ignition point is 250-375 degrees Celsius.
Amber, pearls and corals are listed as three organic gems.
Amber and beeswax are collectively referred to as amber. Wax is the Chinese name for opaque amber. Not a separate new gem. In English, they are called amber.
The best of amber?
Amber is the only gem in the world that preserves the creatures and remains intact for thousands of years.
The lightest gemstone of the gemstones is known.
One of the oldest gemstones. Gems that have been popular for 6,000 years, regardless of country, region or culture.
The most colorful but most neutral gemstone, a gem that can be worn regardless of age or gender.
Amber is a jewel of any religion, such as Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, etc.
Amber charm
Europeans’ obsession with amber is like the Chinese’s love for jade. It is believed that in addition to being beautiful, wearing amber has the function of protecting the body: the Chinese believe that the fragrant smell of burning amber has a calming effect, and the Romans directly use it as a spice; amber contains an ether oil. Through the skin to help blood circulation, treatment of muscle joint pain and tension, can wake up, cure minor cuts, mosquito bites, in addition, because amber contains tiny amber particles, easy to contact with the skin to form a protective film, is also very Good beauty products.
Amber is the only gem in the world that preserves ancient creatures and has survived for thousands of years. For example, the formation of insects is that some small animals are wrapped when the resin overflows, because of its unique value in ornamental and scientific, it makes it a fine product in amber, and the price is relatively expensive. However, not all amber contains insects, and most amber contains grass leaves, grass roots, bark, gravel, bubbles, etc., and some very beautiful sunflowers. The price of amber varies with volume, quality, inclusions, design, and craftsmanship!
In ancient China, amber was also known as "Tiger", "Beast", "Jiangzhu", "Yuyu", etc., which proved that Amber was sought after and favored. The folks have more so-called "the death of the tiger into the stone into the stone", which contains the ancient Chinese people's speculation and pursuit of the mysterious amber, which shows that amber has the function of avoiding evil and avoiding the evil spirits.
According to Russian folklore, amber can bring good luck to babies and protect pregnant women from safe production. So when the husband learns that his wife is pregnant, she will give her an amber necklace. Similar legends exist in Mexico. The southern Mayans use amber as a sun stone. Local women wear amber for newborn babies to protect their health.
Type of amber
The color of amber is changeable. It is well known that the colors are almost red: orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, transparent, watery or even dark, and can be seen in amber.
??ç«ç€: The most common color in amber, light wine red or orange yellow, the color is warm and pleasant, the elegance and romance hide the enthusiasm, highlighting the feminine tenderness of women.
Blood Pop: The color is warm and fascinating. Its treasure can keep you in a happy and quiet atmosphere. Its electrostatic effect will always bring you a good feeling of Tongtai, especially for people who need improvement in blood. There are unexpected effects.
??bee wax: the ancient royal royal gem, named for "color like honey, light like wax". The color of the beeswax is subtle, the texture is warm, and there is an incomparable affinity. It has always been a treasure that the nobles competed to play. It is also praised for its consistent praise because of its mysterious power. Known as "millennium amber, million years of beeswax".
?? Old honey: pointed out that the soil is relatively long, the color is deep reddish orange.
?? Bone: The color is white, with a raw beauty. Bone is the most succinic amber, and it is very beneficial for human health.
?? Green Perse: mysterious deep colors and fascinating deep envelops, continuous thoughts and mysterious inspiration make people dream of living and craving.
?? Hua Po: The internal ice blooms from the inside to the outside, revealing a delicate aura.
?? insects: one of the amber varieties, the special chemical composition of amber resin completely preserves the appearance of the organism and even the internal organization. It is a unique display window for paleontology, and it is the secret path that nature reserves for human beings to explore ancient life. The little worm that flew thousands of years ago was wrapped tightly by the turpent that dripped in an instant, and the momentary coincidence of the accident was solidified into an eternal.
?? Plant Per: Inside the plant, called the plant. Generally, leaves, flowers, branches, etc. are more common. Amber has the reputation of a pod, and the biology, air, moisture and other elements in amber are still precious materials that scientists have explored in ancient times.
?? Landscape: The formation of nature, the internal natural pattern presents a different texture like landscape painting, in a variety of ways, very ornamental value.
?? Cloud fog: It is different from other amber in that it contains an opaque area, like the clouds in the sky.
?? Jinpo: completely transparent amber, bright color, crystal clear. The ancients were hailed as "rich stone."
?? Lan Po: Dominica, is the only production area in the world, because of the production of the world's most precious amber - Lan Po and is known as the "Pearl of the West". Age: 40 million years or more. Lanpo is the only gemstone in the world of organic gemstones. It is the best in amber. It is called blue berth because it can show blue fluorescence in sunlight or under ultraviolet light. In recent years, the production of Lanpo has been greatly reduced and it is facing the possibility of extinction. As a result, the market price of the Lanper market has soared, making it popular among collectors and jewelers all over the world.
?? Caribbean Green Perch: Produced from the Caribbean coast of Central America, the unique blue-green is like the waters of the Caribbean Sea. It is light and green, with unattainable remoteness and elegance. Because of the difficulty in mining, the risk is high. Frequent geological changes, tunnels in mining areas are prone to collapse, and production is extremely low, which is loved by jewelers and collectors.
Amber composition and cause
The main component of amber is pine resin, which is composed of pine acid and sea pine. The other important component is a succinic acid, and some amber contains hydrogen sulfide and a little volatile oil. Molecular formula C10H16O, in which carbon 79%, hydrogen 10.5%, oxygen 10.5%, and sometimes also a small amount of hydrogen sulfide (for example, Romanian amber analysis).
Formation: Fossils produced by the Mesozoic Cretaceous to the Cenozoic Tertiary Coniferous resin after the high pressure and high heat extrusion of the earth's rock formation.
Origin: Amber's most famous source is the countries in the coastal areas, such as Poland, Russia, Sweden, Denmark and Germany, which are collectively known as Baltic amber. The amber in this area is buried in a 100- to 300-foot underground formation called the Blue Mud. Today's largest amber mining area belongs to the Polish Sandingen mining area, but the amber of the Shanlanden mining area has no deposits, and only 15% can be processed into amber ornaments. Amber on the Baltic coast is also famous. This type of amber is suspended in the sea. It is called "Hipper" and is different from the mine buried deep in the formation. Haiper usually floats within fifty miles of the shoreline. In addition to the Baltic region, Sicily, Romania and Myanmar also have world-renowned amber mining areas, but the amber composition belongs to the pine resin of the pre-era era, and the output is much less than that of the Baltic Sea. Mines are mainly distributed in Myanmar and Fushun, China. They are often produced in coal seams and are associated with coal.
Amber classification method
Wax is divided by transparency:
Wax: The internal content of succinic acid is more than 8%, which is opaque.
Gold twisted honey: succinic acid content of 4%-8% is cloudy and translucent
Transparent variety: the internal content of succinic acid is less than 4%, it is transparent
The amount of succinic acid varies with the geographical environment around the mineral deposit. It can usually be slowly changed from a completely transparent amber to a beeswax.
Beeswax by age:
Old honey: It is a long time, the color is very deep, and it is generally dark brown and reddish.
Huang Mi: Also called new honey, the age is not as long as the old honey, the color is yellow, or light yellow.
Amber transparent variety
By color
[金ç€] golden yellow
[Firer] Yellow in red, color between Jinpo and Blood
[blood] wine red
[Green Perot] The whole is dark green, and the inclusion is bright white.
[Double color per unit] A color change formed by long-term temperature effects, interwoven but not overlapping varieties
[Blue Po] A precious variety among amber
By package
[Mingpo] overall transparent, yellowish color, no sun flower inclusions
ã€çº¢èŠ±ç€ã€‘ contains abundant red sun flower inclusions
Other classification
[Aphid] Amber wrapped with insect inclusions;
[Bone] white beeswax variety
[翳ç€] is black under normal light, red amber under strong light or transmitted light
Physical properties of amber
Amber is amorphous, usually in the form of tuberculosis or irregularly shaped small nuggets, accompanied by cracks and sugar-like weathered surfaces. Its size ranges from small particles to large blocks of weight. Unprocessed raw resin gloss, after polishing, from resin luster to near glass luster. Hardness 2-2.5, specific gravity 1.05-1.1, melting point 150c-180c, burning point 250c-375c. The refractive index of amber varies slightly, but usually close to 1.54, can be as low as 1.539, up to 1.545. Isotropic, no cleavage , no pleochroism, no birefringence, brittleness, friction and aroma. Amber may contain insects, moss, lichens, and pine needles that were trapped millions of years ago when the resin was still sticky. The bubbles give the amber a cloudy appearance but become transparent when heated in oil. After polishing, a negative charge that adsorbs dust is generated.
Amber identification method
Ordinary appraisal method (the following content is the latest content accepted by me in the continuing training of the national quality inspector re-registration in 2006, please don't reprint the other people's labor results in other stores)
01. Eye view package:
The sun's rays in Amber have different sensations from different angles, and the refracting power will not be the same. The transparency of the imitation is generally not high, and the inclusions emit dead light. The observation from different angles is almost the same, lacking the aura of amber.
B natural amber will appear in the shape of bubbles, elongated bubbles. The artificial amber is a double-layer bubble, also called a double circle, and a round bubble.
Regular flow pattern and agate pattern appear inside the wax. Coba resin (a natural resin produced in New Zealand, non-amber) is often intertwined, such as cluttered in hand.
The insect inclusions of D. worms are struggling, and the antennae are outside the tentacles; the imitation insects are inserted later, and the insects appear contracted, mainly due to heat retraction.
E Reconstituted amber is made by fusion treatment with a plasticizer, and visible light-like structure inside the visible light.
02. Brine test: In 1:4 (salt: water) brine, both resin and amber can float, plastic plastic floats, and ordinary plastic sinks.
03. Hot needle test: The needle is burnt red thorn amber, there is a slight faint smell or no taste. Plastic will smell and stick to the needle
04. Brittleness, cutability test: Acupuncture amber will become powdery pieces, synthetic amber without powdery pieces.
05 Solubility test: Wiping the beeswax with ethanol is non-tacky, while Coba resin is sticky after wiping.
Amber identification agency identification method
In addition to the above-mentioned microscopic observation of the inclusion body, the specific gravity, the hot needle test, and the infrared spectrum test.
Natural amber has a special absorption peak, transparent varieties 2933 (CH), 2870 (CO), 1722 (CH), beeswax (CO) absorption peak close to 1/2 (CH) absorption peak height, and 888 absorption peak. There is a synthetic amber which generally has the same physical properties as natural amber. The interior is very clean. The absorption peak for the infrared test is that the (CO) peak is very narrow and high, and the absorption peak of the benzene ring peak is 763, 703. Note that the surface reflection map is subject to KK conversion.
Medicinal value of amber
01 amber can be used as medicine
In the "Compendium of Materia Medica" records: Amber can be sacred, and the five internal organs, the soul of the soul, the mind, the gods, the blood, the knot, the blood, the muscles, the fetus.
The three functions of amber summarized by the famous doctors of Tao Hongjing in the Southern and Northern Dynasties: one is to calm the gods, the other is to promote blood circulation, and the third is diuretic. Modern medicine uses amber and is also used for three purposes. First, for the treatment of insomnia, palpitations. Often with 15 grams of jujube, night vine 30 grams of decoction, served amber powder 3 grams. Second, in the treatment of menstruation nowhere. Such as amber scattered, is the same as amber, angelica, black medicine, research into fine. Third, it is used to treat poor urine. Use 3 grams of amber powder alone, and send it with 30 grams of psyllium.
Amber has always been used in the theory of traditional Chinese medicine to calm down the nerves, and it can be sterilized and disinfected, so it can be used as a fragrant ring or incense. Some people grind it into powder to stop nosebleeds, fire or bruises.
02 Amber wearing effect
Amber Amber contains an ether oil that helps the blood circulation through the skin, treats the soreness and tension of the muscles and joints, and wakes up. In addition, because amber contains tiny amber particles, it easily contacts the skin to form a protective film. Amber is therefore often worn as a necklace bracelet.
B amber has the effect of relieving muscle tension and relaxing nerves and calming the mind, so wearing a safety buckle or a stone pendant can be used to relieve work stress and calm emotions.
C Modern medicine proves that natural amber has a good absorption effect on some harmful rays emitted by modern electrical appliances such as computers, televisions and precision instruments.
D-Amber is ignited by burning or rubbing, which will release a charming rosin scent and have a calming effect. So amber is a good place to play.
Amber history and Buddhist cultural values
Amber, ancient Chinese called "legacy jade", the legend is the soul of the tiger. So it is also known as "Tiger". Amber has been regarded as a precious treasure since ancient times, because amber comes from pine resin. The pine tree in China also symbolizes longevity. Some amber does not need to be ignited and burned, just a little stroke. It will release a charming rosin. It has the effect of calming the mind and is widely used as a religious artifact. Since ancient times, Chinese people have loved the pine scent, and regard amber as a precious spice. It is recorded in the Tang Dynasty "Xijing Miscellanies". After the Hancheng Emperor Zhao Feiyan is a pillow amber pillow to take aroma. The western legend Amber is the change of the tears of the ancient Greek goddess Herlithus. Amber and pearls, corals and three organic gems. Amber is listed as a Buddhist seven treasure together with gold, silver, pearls, corals, car channels and colored glaze. Amber has been widely used as a religious artifact since ancient times. It corresponds to the three disciplines of "Jing, Ding, Hui" in Buddhism. The use of amber cultivation can help people to produce strength. It is a blessing for Buddhist practitioners in Buddhism. treasure.
Maintenance of amber:
01 Temperature: Amber jewelry is afraid of high temperature. Do not place amber in a place exposed to high temperature or direct sunlight. It is too dry and prone to cracks, especially when it is not open.
02 Hardness: The hardness of amber is not high, and it is afraid of wrestling and bumping. The friction with hard objects will cause rough surface and fine marks. It should be stored separately, not with diamonds, other sharp or hard jewelry.
03 Stability: Amber is an organic gemstone, so you must avoid contact with alkaline substances, gasoline, kerosene and alcohol-based cosmetics, nail polish, perfume and other organic solutions to prevent the surface of the amber from being damaged and tarnished. Use a chemical cleaner to clean away from strong acids and bases; do not wash in an ultrasonic cleaner or steam cleaner. Amber may be damaged by strong vibration or high temperature.
04 Cleaning method: When the amber is stained with dust and sweat, it can be soaked in warm water with a neutral detergent, rinsed with a handkerchief, and then wiped clean with a soft cloth (such as glasses cloth). Apply a small amount of olive oil or tea oil to the amber surface, and then use a cloth to remove excess oil to restore the luster. The best maintenance is long-term wear, the body oil can make the amber more bright.
ç¥ç€'s Looks
Amber is a warm color gemstone, and the warm color is her main appearance. Therefore, it is a primary principle to pay attention to matching the fabrics of the same color as much as possible.
Amber is a special kind of organic gemstone. Some products are more exaggerated. These are mainly concentrated on large necklaces and rings. When wearing these exaggerated styles, please pay attention to casual wear. Do not use with formal wear. . The more delicate and elegant style meets the requirements of matching with the formal wear, which is also popular in China at present, because the bones of the Chinese people are relatively small, and it is more suitable for wearing delicate styles.
Amber jewellery should be worn as much as possible, and should not be worn with other gems, otherwise it will give people a patchwork feeling. In addition to choosing the same type of accessory products at the time of purchase, you should also choose products with the same or similar gemstone color.
Mingpo is very suitable for summer wear due to its light color, which will make your summer clear and transparent. Of course, in the summer you will definitely choose light-colored clothing, such as milky white, light pink, beige, light lemon, light blue and so on.
Green Perg should pay attention to the white and cool color clothing when matching, do not match the warm color.
The pendants of Jinpo and Huiper are more suitable for gray fabrics, and the embellishment will make the amber more prominent.
Dark clothing such as black, dark green, dark coffee, dark gray and other fabrics should be matched with Laper, which can be very decorative.
Because of the combination of two colors, the two-color color should be matched with the plain color clothing, and should not be matched with the pattern fabric, otherwise it will have a disorderly effect.
Amber coloring reason
There are many reasons for the influence of amber color. The composition, age, geology and temperature are all important factors. On the whole, it can be summarized as the following:
one. When amber is heated, the color will be deeper;
two. Amber, which has been unearthed for a long time, tends to darken its color due to oxidation;
three. Amber containing wood chips, the color is mostly deep, such as (flower amber);
four. Pyrite will form a dark series of amber, such as Romanian amber;
Fives. The decomposition of humus, containing a large amount of sulfuric acid, will also deepen the color of amber;
six. The amber near the volcano is affected by the sulphide content in the soil and has a fluorescent nature. For example, the amber of Sicily near Mount Etna, which contains fluorescent characteristics, is the most representative;
Seven. The less the content of succinic acid, the clearer and clearer the amber color;
Eight. The carbonated component of lime forms a blue amber;
nine. The less the tiny bubbles contained in amber, the clearer it is, and the more bubbles will form a cloud.
Amber and blood type
Amber not only has a unique decorative function, but also has a role in the identification and treatment of diseases. In recent years, the medical community has gradually learned about the relationship between amber and blood type by studying amber, which is roughly as follows:
People with type A blood are serious and focused, and they are advocating perfectionists, but sometimes they are too picky and easy to lose opportunities. The most suitable for wearing a tea-colored Mingpo, its potential natural energy can make people feel calm, refreshed and comfortable, and its faint color can make people with type A blood more confident.
People with O-type blood are clear, lively and lively. It is suitable for wearing a light brown to dark brown amber. Because of the volatile smell of fire, it has a good calming effect on the people with O's mood and the hyperactive blood type, which can improve the mind and improve the success rate. The blood-red blood bollers, the energy emitted through the skin acts on the blood, and has a good alleviation effect on people who often have headaches in the O-type blood group.
People with type B blood are lively, cheerful and enthusiastic. Suitable for wearing amber with amber and gradient colors, its naughty, lively and relaxed feeling is very suitable for people with type B blood, which can help people with type B blood to expand their communication range.
People with AB blood are usually mysterious, but they are a person who is irritated. Jinpo is the best gem for people who accompany AB blood. It has gone through history, combined with ancient and modern energy, and gathered the energy of intelligence and wealth. When you contact it, you will feel its warmth and let people with AB blood. Have a more keen feeling when thinking.
The change of color and light and shadow gives amber a mysterious temperament, soft luster, introverted charm, whether simple or gorgeous, whether classical or modern, no matter the east or the west, amber always exudes a unique temperament. Amber also has a peculiar medicinal effect, providing people with the most reliable protection and care. An amber jewelry can make you beautiful from the inside out. Then, don't let it lie in the dark jewelry box, please let it go to your clothes and body to let it go!
Amber's operating retail brand
The most famous retail brand in China is S&A* Sage Amber, and the operation center is in Shenzhen. Participate in different jewelry exhibitions around the world almost every year.
Other retail brands are biased towards small and medium-sized. Such as Fu Bin, Clifford, etc. Mainly in Guangzhou. Fubin started in 2005, starting from a small amber shop in Guangzhou China Plaza, and then started a wholesale store in Tsuen Wan Plaza. Blessing has its own factory. However, there is no wholesale shop in Tsuen Wan Plaza and the factory is in Fangcun, Guangzhou.
It should be noted that retail brands have almost no factories. There is no retail brand for manufacturers that process amber. This is also a strange phenomenon.
The raw materials of amber are basically purchased from overseas. The main producing areas are Poland (Romania, etc.), Lithuania (several countries around Russia), Dominica, Mexico, etc.
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