After the price of jade and hetian jade rose out of the sky, many consumers turned to the colored gem market. Originally a white, green and diamond-colored jade counter, it has become colorful in recent years. Colored stones such as topaz, tourmaline, sea sapphire, garnet, peridot, obsidian, morganite, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, grape stone, moonstone, coral, opal, amethyst, citrine become consumers New darling. In particular, tourmaline, the price of each year is growing in multiples.
But when it comes to Caibao, there is a problem that cannot be avoided. That is the handling and optimization of Caibao. This is a topic that has always plagued the market. Many consumers believe that only natural gemstones are the best. When artificially involved, the value of gemstones is greatly reduced. However, many merchants are very wronged. Sometimes optimization is a very necessary processing procedure, such as turquoise waxing, which is an optimized process that does not change its original characteristics and color, just add a protective film. For the optimization and processing of Caibao, how should it be treated rationally?
How are colored gems divided?
Looking at the jewelry market five years ago, diamonds, jade, and Hetian jade account for almost 80% of the market share. However, in recent years, colored gemstones have been loved by more and more people. Together with jade and hetian jade prices have soared in recent years, prices The moderate color market suddenly caught fire. In fact, colored gemstones should be divided into "gems" and "semi-precious stones". But now many consumers directly refer to tourmaline, tanzanite, and sea sapphire as color treasures. How should they be divided?
Colored gemstones are a general term for all colored gemstones except diamonds in the gem family. They are a class of gemstones composed of hundreds of gemstones. Nowadays, many people in the colorful treasures are divided into "semi-precious stones" and "class-like gems". In fact, we do not respect such divisions in the industry, and there is no corresponding statement in the national standards. At the earliest, the distinction between "gems" or "semi-precious stones" mainly depends on the price, such as topaz, tourmaline, aquamarine, garnet, peridot, obsidian, morganite, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, grapestone, and moon. Light stone, coral, opal, amethyst, citrine, etc., when they were cheaper and relatively large in output, they were classified as "semi-precious stones". "Gem-like" mainly refers to imitations, and classes are similar meanings, referring to things similar to certain gemstones.
But now the price of Caibao has risen so much, it is out of date to continue to use price to distinguish between "gems" and "semi-precious stones". For example, tourmaline, previously classified as "semi-precious stones", but now its price is so high, high quality, the price can even be comparable to the four traditional gems of rubies, sapphires, emeralds, cat eyes, so many people I don't agree to list it as a "semi-precious stone."
At present, everyone is treating the tourmaline as a gem in the market. In fact, to judge whether a mineral is a gem, I think it is mainly to look at the specific indicators of its hardness, color and so on.
On the national standard, jewels and jade are collectively referred to as "natural jewels and jade" and "artificial jewels and jade", referred to as gems. Natural jewellery refers to materials produced by nature, which are beautiful, durable, rare, and of process value, and can be processed into jewelry. Artificial gems are materials that are wholly or partially produced or manufactured for use as jewelry and accessories.
Can it be a gem? In addition to the appearance and durability (hardness) that President Wang just said, it depends on its rarity, whether it can be processed into jewelry. If these four basic conditions are met, then this mineral is basically It can be called a gem.
What is the distinction between "organic gemstones" and "inorganic gemstones"?
There is a difference between the two in the national standard. "Organic gemstones" are materials produced by nature, partially composed of organic matter, and can be used in jewelry and accessories, including ivory, pearl, amber, coral, coal, silicified wood, alfalfa, shells, etc. The main difference between "organic gemstones" and "inorganic gemstones" is that "organic gemstones" must be related to the activities of animals and plants, subject to the laws of biophysics and biocrystallization mineralogy. Therefore, they are impossible to synthesize, which is essentially different from inorganic gemstones.
How to treat the optimization and processing of colored stones?
When it comes to Caibao, there is a problem that cannot be avoided. It is the handling and optimization of Caibao. This is a topic that has always plagued the market. Many consumers believe that only natural gemstones are the best. When artificially involved, the value of gemstones is greatly reduced. However, in the interviews of Turquoise and tourmaline in the previous issues of "Famous Words Collection", some experts and experts have said that sometimes optimization is a very necessary processing procedure, such as turquoise waxing, which is an optimization process, not It will change its original characteristics and color, just add a protective film. For the optimization and handling of Caibao, how should it be treated rationally?
The "optimized treatment" of a gemstone refers to all methods for improving the appearance, durability, or usability of jewellery, jade, such as color, clarity, transparency, gloss, or special optical effects, in addition to cutting and polishing. Divided into two categories of "optimization" and "processing".
“Optimization†refers to the traditional, widely accepted method of optimizing the potential beauty of jewellery and jade. On the one hand, “optimization†is harmless to the human body. On the other hand, its effect is very stable and will not change after a while. The international standard stipulates that the jewellery and jade name can be directly used for the “optimized†jewellery and jade, and it is not necessary to indicate that it has been “optimizedâ€. For example, our common chalcedony agate dyeing, emerald dip colorless oil, natural pearl bleaching, etc. are all “optimizedâ€. The “optimized†gemstones are by default natural, and there is no special note in the certificate. Ming.
“Processing†refers to an unconventional, unrecognized approach to optimization. For the processed jewels and jade, the treatment method must be indicated. For example, if the jade is bleached or filled, it must be marked in the certificate. Emerald dip colorless oil is “optimizedâ€, while dip colored oil is “treatedâ€.
Are processing and optimization required?
Some gems can only be exemplified by some optimization to maximize the beauty of the gems, while increasing the yield of gems. For example, red sapphire, 90% are treated with different degrees of heat treatment, such as emerald, more cracks, processed into a jewelry emerald into the colorless oil can cover the existing cracks, improve the transparency and brightness of emerald, this The optimization method has been recognized by the international jewelry industry and consumers. The optimized emerald is equivalent to natural. However, if it is a colored oil, that is, dyeing, in order to make its color greener, this means is considered "handling" and must be indicated in the certificate of identification.
Different gems, what means "optimization" and what means "processing" are different (see table content). For example, chalcedony and quartzite, their composition is SiO2, but because of the different structures, the boundaries of optimization and treatment are different. Chalcedony staining is “optimizedâ€, while quartz rock dyeing such as Dongling Stone is “treatmentâ€.
But it is not to say that the gem must be optimized, there are still a lot of gemstones, and only through manual cutting and polishing, it can directly present its beauty.
Is the price difference between natural gemstones and optimized gemstones large?
When talking about turquoise in the 117th issue of the Collector's Word Collection, Professor Yang Xing, Dean of the China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Jewelry College, also talked about the optimization and handling issues. In China, everyone is very resistant to the optimized treatment of turquoise, but also derived from the pursuit of "original mines." Because China has a lot of natural turquoise, and in the southwestern United States, it is very dry, the temperature is high, and the water content of turquoise is very important, so the quality of most of the local turquoise is not good, and needs to be optimized. So the Americans have heard that China's turquoise is not optimized, but it is very strange.
Therefore, Yang Mingxing emphasized that optimization and processing are just ordinary processing techniques. There is no need for the merchant to cover up. It is necessary to satisfy the consumer's right to know. It is not a matter of seeing nothing, but concealing and misleading consumers.
That's right, it's because many people know a little about it, so it makes such a big misunderstanding about optimization. But with the popularity of knowledge, this situation has slowly improved. For example, tourmaline, it is popular for a long time, everyone knows it more deeply, and many people are now able to accept the "handling" means of tourmaline filling.
Filling the glue is actually a very necessary processing technology for tourmaline. Because the tourmaline is very brittle, it is easy to break when it is cut and polished without filling. The yield is very low. Sometimes a tourmaline is only 1% or 2% cracked, but when it is processed, the crack is likely to be extended. Going, this is a great waste of resources. Glue is just a kind of protection for tourmaline. The industry of tourmaline is actually very transparent now, and businesses are not too afraid to fill this problem.
Another example is agate, many of which are very bright. In fact, they are basically dyed, but agate is classified as "optimized." Some time ago, CCTV had a news that agate dyeing was harmful to the body, but according to scientific experiments, the dyed agate produced by most formal businesses is safe. To be really harmful, it may be less harmful than the radiation of mobile phones, which is also recognized as an optimization method in the industry.
I have found that many people actually confuse the two concepts of handling and fraud. For example, citrine, natural citrine is relatively rare, and now many citrines are actually heated with amethyst, through the "heat treatment" such an "optimization" means to change its color, so that the citrine heated can still be Accepted. But if it is artificially added color, it is a fake. Another example is tourmaline. If it is to smooth the red and green tourmaline, and then stick it together to pretend to be a watermelon tourmaline, it is a fake.
In many consumers, the gemstones that are not optimized for treatment are actually taken with the inherent thinking of identifying Hetian jade and jade, such as jade, as long as they are optimized, they are all listed as B goods. Why do jade and other jade do not need to be optimized, but some of them are necessary?
First of all, the physical structure of the two is different. Most of the colorful treasures are single crystal gems, while jade and other jade are mineral aggregates. The structure of jade is very dense and very tough, and it is difficult to directly fill it. The gems are different, most of them are brittle, and they are easy to burst during processing. Therefore, it must be stabilized first to increase the yield, or it is a waste of resources.
But different gems, what means is "optimized", what means is "handling" are different, there are so many kinds of gems, consumers can not all be clearly divided, remember, there is a more direct way to tell consumption Which optimizations are acceptable and which are unacceptable?
We also want to do this business in our Chamber of Commerce. We also look for experts to discuss together. We hope to introduce the corresponding industry standards as soon as possible, while standardizing the industry, and giving consumers as clear guidelines as possible.
The most direct way at this stage is to send the inspection.
Yes, but the inspection also needs to recognize the qualified quality inspection agencies. There are some laboratories that have not passed the certification. In order to attract business, they can issue certificates of natural gemstones to the “treated†gemstones. Strictly speaking, these laboratories The issued certificate is invalid, but many consumers do not know how to identify, or easy to be deceived. In order to respond to the “Quality Month†activity of the AQSIQ, the Guangzhou Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau's Jewelry Identification Laboratory has recently provided free on-site jewellery appraisal consultation, standard regulation interpretation and Caibao industry standard symposium, and open laboratory testing laboratory. For exchanges and other activities, consumers who like Caibao can participate in such activities and increase their understanding of colorful treasures.
Natural gems and optimized gems, the price difference is not big?
The price difference is still very large. The filled tourmaline is cheaper than 1 gram twenty or thirty dollars, and the unfilled one gram is at least five hundred dollars. But the tourmaline of 1 gram or five hundred dollars can not guarantee that there is absolutely no filling, because the cracking problem of tourmaline is also more common.
90% of the red sapphire is heat treated to varying degrees, but some natural red sapphire is fully evidenced that it has not been optimized, and an internationally renowned appraisal agency produces an authoritative report indicating that it has not been heat treated. The price will be very high. You can pay attention to the red sapphires at the auction, and some will specifically indicate that they have not been heat treated, and their prices are often very high.
What is the value of the collection of colored gemstones?
In addition to the common topaz, tourmaline, sea sapphire, garnet, olivine, obsidian, morganite, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, grape stone, moonstone, coral, opal, amethyst, citrine, etc., now There are some very fresh colorful treasures appearing on the market, such as Su Jishi, red stone, wood stone, etc. Are these considered colorful treasures?
Caibao is a very large family, containing hundreds of kinds of gems, including Su Jiushi, red stone and wood stone, but not as famous as tourmaline and tanzanite.
Are these colorful treasures worth collecting investment? In the past, the prices of tourmaline, sea sapphire, tanzanite, etc. were also very cheap, and they only suddenly rose in the past few years. Will it wait until the prices of this batch of colorful treasures such as tourmaline, Hailanbao and Tanzanite have risen too high, and then it is the turn of these colorful treasures whose current reputation is not very big?
The price of different colorful treasures ultimately depends on the needs of the market. If a gem can be recognized by the public, or if the merchant believes that it is worth promoting, then the price will naturally rise. But as Mr. Wang said just now, the value of the color treasure ultimately depends on four aspects: aesthetics, durability, scarcity, and craft value. What colorful treasures are worth investing in is also measured in these four aspects. It is like the carbonate jade that appeared before. It is very beautiful, but it is made into jewelry. It will change when it is worn by sweat. It will not be durable, so no one will promote it slowly.
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